Fluid Pressure Calculator: Instantly Compute Hydrostatic Force
The Fluid Pressure Calculator multiplies fluid density, depth and local gravity to deliver hydrostatic pressure in Pascals. One metre of freshwater (ρ ≈ 997 kg/m³) produces roughly 9.8 kPa of pressure (NOAA, 2021). Simply enter your three values, hit “Calculate”, and read the result—perfect for fast engineering checks and classroom demonstrations.
Fluid Pressure Calculator
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How to use the tool
Fluid density (ρ) – Type the fluid’s density in kg/m³.
Example A: 997 kg/m³ (pure water).
Example B: 1 050 kg/m³ (brackish water).
Depth (h) – Enter the vertical distance below the free surface in metres.
Example A: 10 m.
Example B: 450 m.
Gravitational field (g) – Provide local acceleration due to gravity in m/s².
Example A: 9.81 m/s² (Earth average).
Example B: 1.62 m/s² (Moon).
Press Calculate to display pressure in Pascals (Pa).
Standard gravity: 9.80665 m/s² (BIPM, “SI Brochure” 2019).
1 bar equals: 100 000 Pa (NIST, “Pressure Units”).
Average ocean depth: 3 688 m (NOAA, “Ocean Exploration Facts”, 2022).
FAQ
What is hydrostatic pressure?
Hydrostatic pressure is the normal force per unit area exerted by a fluid at rest; it rises linearly with depth because of the weight of the overlying fluid column (Munson et al., 2021).
Why does the tool ask for gravity?
Gravity affects fluid weight. Lower gravity on the Moon (1.62 m/s²) yields about six-times lower pressure than the same depth on Earth (NASA, 2020).
Can I switch to bar or psi?
Yes. Divide Pascals by 100 000 for bar or by 6 894.76 for psi (NIST, “Pressure Units”).
Does temperature matter?
Temperature changes fluid density; seawater density drops ~0.2 % per °C rise (UNESCO, 1981). Adjust ρ for high-precision work.
Is the formula valid for gases?
Only for static, incompressible columns. Gas density changes with depth, so use gas-specific equations for tall columns (ASHRAE Handbook, 2021).
How deep until seawater reaches 1 MPa?
At ρ = 1 025 kg/m³ and g = 9.81 m/s², 1 MPa occurs near 99 m depth. “Every 10 m adds roughly 0.1 MPa” (DNV GL, 2020).
What safety factor should engineers apply?
Marine codes recommend ≥1.5 on calculated pressure for structural elements (ABS Rules, 2022).
Why does pressure not depend on container shape?
Pressure at a point depends solely on depth, density, and gravity, not on vessel geometry—a principle known as Pascal’s law (Pascal, 1663).
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